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(additional detail)

  • 1 detail

    n
    1) деталь, подробность; частность
    3) деталь (машины)

    - additional details
    - appropriate details
    - full details
    - input details
    - last saved item details
    - pertinent details
    - specific details
    - technical details
    - updated details
    - in detail
    - divulge details
    - give details
    - go into details

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > detail

  • 2 elaboration

    noun elaboración
    tr[ɪlæbə'reɪʃən]
    1 (working out in detail) elaboración nombre femenino, desarrollo
    elaboration [i.læbə'reɪʃən] n
    : elaboración f
    n.
    • elaboración s.f.
    ɪ'læbə'reɪʃən
    mass noun (of a theory, plan) elaboración f
    [ɪˌlæbǝ'reɪʃǝn]
    N elaboración f
    * * *
    [ɪ'læbə'reɪʃən]
    mass noun (of a theory, plan) elaboración f

    English-spanish dictionary > elaboration

  • 3 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
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    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
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    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
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    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
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    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 4 shooting

    1. взрывание; паление шпуров

    * * *
    3. сейсмические исследования; сейсмическая разведка, сейсморазведка; сейсмическое профилирование

    * * *
    взрывание; сейсморазведка

    * * *
    взрывание, сейсмические исследования, сейсморазведка

    * * *
    1) сейсмические исследования; сейсмическая разведка, сейсморазведка; сейсмическое профилирование || сейсморазведочный
    2) взрывные работы, производство взрывов, взрывание
    3) простреливание; перфорирование ()
    •

    shooting between wells — профилирование между скважинами;

    shooting downdip — профилирование по падению;

    shooting from A toward B — профилирование от А до Б;

    shooting in both directions — встречное профилирование;

    shooting on paper — сейсм. составление технического проекта;

    - additional shooting
    - air shooting
    - air pattern shooting
    - arc shooting
    - back shooting
    - broadside shooting
    - buffer shooting
    - bump shooting of pipes
    - cage shooting
    - circle shooting
    - common-depth-point shooting
    - continuous shooting
    - controlled direction shooting
    - conventional shooting
    - correlation shooting
    - correlation refraction shooting
    - crosswell shooting
    - detail shooting
    - detailed shooting
    - dip shooting
    - direct shooting
    - direction shooting
    - downdip shooting
    - dynamite shooting
    - end-on shooting
    - fan shooting
    - field shooting
    - in-line shooting
    - land shooting
    - marine shooting
    - marsh shooting
    - multiline shooting
    - n-fold shooting
    - oblique shooting
    - off-end shooting
    - offset shooting
    - offshore shooting
    - oil-well shooting
    - open-hole shooting
    - pattern shooting
    - pipe bump shooting
    - preliminary shooting
    - profile shooting
    - radial shooting
    - reconnaissance shooting
    - reflection shooting
    - refraction shooting
    - repeated shooting
    - reversed shooting
    - ring shooting
    - salt-dome shooting
    - seismic shooting
    - seismic profile shooting
    - selective shooting
    - sequential shooting
    - shallow-water shooting
    - shaped-charge shooting
    - single-ship seismic shooting
    - split-dip shooting
    - split-spread shooting
    - squib shooting
    - test shooting
    - trouble shooting
    - unidirectional shooting
    - updip shooting
    - uphole shooting
    - velocity shooting
    - volley shooting
    - water shooting
    - weathering shooting
    - well shooting
    - wide-angle reflection shooting
    - zero-offset shooting
    * * *

    Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > shooting

  • 5 duty

    долг; обязанность; дежурство, наряд; нагрузка, режим ( работы), рабочий цикл; производственная мощность; см. тж. service
    — barracks duty
    — delegate duty to

    English-Russian military dictionary > duty

  • 6 incidental

    incidental [‚ɪnsɪ'dentəl]
    (a) (minor) secondaire, accessoire; (additional) accessoire, supplémentaire;
    ∎ the project will have other incidental benefits ce projet aura encore d'autres avantages
    ∎ incidental to en rapport avec, occasionné par;
    ∎ the fatigue incidental to such work la fatigue occasionnée par un tel travail
    2 noun
    (chance happening) événement m fortuit; (minor detail) détail m secondaire
    (expenses) faux frais mpl
    ►► incidental costs, incidental expenses faux frais mpl;
    incidental music (for film) musique f de film; (for play) musique f de scène

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > incidental

  • 7 plan

    1) план

    2) планировать
    3) проект
    4) проектировать
    5) горизонтальная проекция
    6) чертеж
    7) замысел
    8) предначертание
    9) схема
    10) плановый
    – additional to the plan
    – cargo plan
    – construction plan
    – contour plan
    – detail plan
    – diagrammatic plan
    – Dodge's plan
    – draw up plan
    – flight plan
    – floor plan
    – instalment plan
    – key plan
    – long-term plan
    – master plan
    – mine plan
    – outline plan
    – plan control
    – plan groove
    – production plan
    – radio-frequency plan
    – refine plan
    – sketch plan
    – surveying plan
    – track plan
    – type plan
    – working plan

    cancel flight plan — аннулировать план полета


    continuous inspection plan — план доджа, план непрерывной инспекции


    Dodge's inspection plan — <math.> процедура непрерывной проверки


    plan approach angle — главный угол


    work production plan — проект производства работ

    Англо-русский технический словарь > plan

  • 8 cover

    1.
    ['kʌvə(r)]noun
    1) (piece of cloth) Decke, die; (of cushion, bed) Bezug, der; (lid) Deckel, der; (of hole, engine, typewriter, etc.) Abdeckung, die

    put a cover on or over — zudecken; abdecken [Loch, Fußboden, Grab, Fahrzeug, Maschine]; beziehen [Kissen, Bett]

    2) (of book) Einband, der; (of magazine) Umschlag, der; (of record) [Platten]hülle, die

    on the [front/back] cover — auf dem [vorderen/hinteren] Buchdeckel; (of magazine) auf der Titelseite/hinteren Umschlagseite

    3) (Post): (envelope) [Brief]umschlag, der

    under plain cover — in neutralem Umschlag

    [send something] under separate cover — [etwas] mit getrennter Post [schicken]

    4) in pl. (bedclothes) Bettzeug, das
    5) (hiding place, shelter) Schutz, der

    take cover [from something] — Schutz [vor etwas (Dat.)] suchen

    [be/go] under cover — (from bullets etc.) in Deckung [sein/gehen]

    under cover — (from rain) überdacht [Sitzplatz]; regengeschützt

    under cover of darkness — im Schutz der Dunkelheit

    6) (Mil.): (supporting force) Deckung, die
    7) (protection) Deckung, die

    give somebody/something cover — jemandem Deckung geben

    8) (pretence) Vorwand, der; (false identity, screen) Tarnung, die

    [insurance] cover — Versicherung, die

    10) (of song etc.)

    cover [version] — Coverversion, die

    2. transitive verb

    the roses are covered with greenfly — die Rosen sind voller Blattläuse

    somebody is covered in or with confusion/shame — (fig.) jmd. ist ganz verlegen/sehr beschämt

    2) (conceal, lit. or fig.) verbergen; (for protection) abdecken
    3) (travel) zurücklegen
    4) in p.p. (having roof) überdacht
    5) (deal with) behandeln; (include) abdecken
    6) (Journ.) berichten über (+ Akk.)
    7)

    £10 will cover my needs for the journey — 10 Pfund werden für die Reisekosten reichen

    8) (shield) decken
    9)

    cover oneself — (fig.) sich absichern; (Insurance)

    10) (aim gun at) in Schach halten (ugs.)
    11) (record new version of) covern
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/85790/cover_for">cover for
    * * *
    1. verb
    1) (to put or spread something on, over or in front of: They covered (up) the body with a sheet; My shoes are covered in paint.) bedecken
    2) (to be enough to pay for: Will 10 dollars cover your expenses?) decken
    3) (to travel: We covered forty miles in one day.) zurücklegen
    4) (to stretch over a length of time etc: His diary covered three years.) sich erstrecken über
    5) (to protect: Are we covered by your car insurance?) decken
    6) (to report on: I'm covering the race for the local newspaper.) berichten über
    7) (to point a gun at: I had him covered.) in Schach halten
    2. noun
    1) (something which covers, especially a cloth over a table, bed etc: a table-cover; a bed-cover; They replaced the cover on the manhole.) die Decke
    2) (something that gives protection or shelter: The soldiers took cover from the enemy gunfire; insurance cover.) die Deckung
    3) (something that hides: He escaped under cover of darkness.) der Schutz
    •
    - coverage
    - covering
    - cover-girl
    - cover story
    - cover-up
    * * *
    cov·er
    [ˈkʌvəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    I. n
    1. (spread) Abdeckung f; (flexible plastic case) Plane f; (for smaller objects) Hülle f; (cloth case) Kleiderhülle f; (protective top) Deckel m; (for bed) [Bett]decke f, Duvet nt SCHWEIZ; (for armchair, sofa) [Schon]bezug m
    cushion \cover Kissenbezug m, Polsterüberzug m ÖSTERR
    manhole \cover Schachtdeckel m
    quilt [or duvet] \cover Bettdeckenbezug m, Duvetbezug m SCHWEIZ
    ▪ the \covers pl das Bettzeug
    Ann burrowed down beneath the \covers Ann zog sich die Decke über den Kopf
    he threw back the \covers er warf die Bettdecke zurück
    3. (of a book) Einband m; of a magazine Titelseite f, Cover nt
    hard \cover gebundenes Buch, Hardcover nt
    soft \cover Taschenbuch nt
    to read a book from \cover to \cover ein Buch vom Anfang bis zum Ende lesen [o in einem durchlesen
    4. (envelope) Briefumschlag m, Couvert nt SCHWEIZ, Kuvert nt ÖSTERR
    under plain \cover in neutralem Umschlag
    under separate \cover mit getrennter Post
    5. no pl (shelter) Schutz m
    not many of the seats are under \cover nicht viele Sitze sind überdacht; (concealed)
    he ordered his men to stay under \cover er befahl seinen Männern, in ihren Verstecken zu bleiben
    under \cover of darkness im Schutz der Dunkelheit
    to take \cover somewhere sich akk irgendwo unterstellen
    I took \cover behind a wall/in a ditch/under the table ich versteckte mich hinter einer Wand/in einem Graben/unter dem Tisch
    6. no pl (for animals to hide) Dickicht nt, Unterholz nt
    to break \cover aus dem [schützenden] Unterholz hervorbrechen
    7. (concealing true identity) Tarnung f
    under \cover as getarnt als
    to blow sb's \cover jdn enttarnen [o auffliegen lassen
    8. no pl MIL Deckung f; (from bombs, gun attacks) Feuerschutz m
    9. no pl esp BRIT (insurance) Versicherungsschutz m, Deckung f
    do you have \cover against theft? sind Sie gegen Diebstahl versichert?
    to ask for additional \cover zusätzliche Deckung verlangen
    full \cover voller Versicherungsschutz
    third-party \cover Haftpflichtversicherung f
    comprehensive \cover Vollkaskoversicherung f
    to have \cover versichert sein, Versicherungsschutz haben
    to operate without adequate \cover keinen ausreichenden Versicherungsschutz haben
    10. ECON, FIN (security) Abdeckung f, Absicherung f
    do you have sufficient \cover for this loan? haben Sie ausreichende Sicherheiten für diesen Kredit?
    11. no pl (substitute) Vertretung f
    to provide \cover for sb jdn vertreten
    to provide emergency \cover einen Notdienst aufrechterhalten, eine Notfallversorgung gewährleisten
    12. MUS (recording) Coverversion f
    13.
    ▶ never judge a book by its \cover man sollte niemals nur nach dem Äußeren urteilen
    II. vt
    ▪ to \cover sth/sb etw/jdn bedecken; (against dust also) etw überziehen
    snow \covered the hills Schnee bedeckte die Hügel
    ▪ to be \covered [in [or with]] sth [mit etw dat] bedeckt sein
    my hands are \covered in ink/mud/paint meine Hände sind voller Tinte/Schlamm/Farbe
    how much of the Earth's surface is \covered by water? wie viel Prozent der Erdoberfläche liegt unter Wasser?
    \covered with blood voll Blut, blutig
    2. (to protect)
    ▪ to \cover sth/sb [with sth] etw/jdn [mit etw dat] abdecken
    they \covered him with a blanket sie deckten ihn mit einer Decke zu
    to \cover one's eyes/face with one's hands die Augen/das Gesicht mit den Händen bedecken
    3. (in order to hide)
    ▪ to \cover sth etw verdecken; ( fig) one's confusion etw überspielen
    4. (extend over)
    ▪ to \cover sth sich akk über etw akk erstrecken
    London \covers 1579 square kilometres [of land] London erstreckt sich über 1579 Quadratkilometer; ( fig)
    the new office will \cover the whole of Scotland das neue Büro ist für ganz Schottland zuständig
    to \cover a lot of ground eine große Strecke zurücklegen; (make progress) gut vorankommen; (be wide-ranging) sehr umfassend sein
    during the meeting we \covered a lot of ground wir sind bei der Sitzung gut vorangekommen
    to \cover 20 kilometres in two hours 20 km in zwei Stunden fahren
    6. (deal with)
    ▪ to \cover sth sich akk mit etw dat befassen, etw behandeln
    this leaflet \covers what we've just discussed in more detail in der Broschüre finden Sie Informationen zu dem, was wir gerade ausführlich besprochen haben
    do these parking restrictions \cover residents as well as visitors? gelten die Parkbeschränkungen sowohl für Anlieger als auch für Besucher?
    the new regulations \cover precisely where and when protest marches can take place in den neuen Regelungen ist genau festgehalten, wo und wann Protestmärsche stattfinden dürfen
    7. (be enough for)
    ▪ to \cover sth etw [ab]decken
    to \cover the costs die Kosten decken
    here's £20, will that \cover it? hier sind 20 Pfund, wird das reichen?
    ▪ to \cover sth über etw akk berichten
    the journalist was in Vietnam, \covering the war er war Kriegsberichterstatter in Vietnam
    9. (insure)
    ▪ to \cover sb/sth [against [or for] sth] jdn/etw [gegen etw akk] versichern
    are we \covered for accidental damage? sind wir gegen Unfallschäden versichert?
    the damage was \covered by the insurance der Schaden wurde von der Versicherung bezahlt
    to be fully \covered vollen Versicherungsschutz haben
    10. (earn enough to pay) etw [ab]decken [o sichern]
    the dividend is \covered four times das Verhältnis Gewinn-Dividende ist 4:1
    ▪ to \cover oneself [against sth] sich akk [gegen etw akk] absichern
    she tried to \cover herself by saying that... sie versuchte sich damit herauszureden, dass...
    12. MIL
    ▪ to \cover sb/sth jdn/etw decken; (give covering fire) jdm/etw Feuerschutz geben
    \cover me! gib mir Deckung!
    to \cover sb's retreat jds Rückzug decken
    13. (aim weapon at)
    ▪ to \cover sb seine Waffe auf jdn/etw richten
    hands up! I've got you \covered! Hände hoch! meine Waffe ist auf Sie gerichtet!
    14. (watch)
    ▪ to \cover sth etw bewachen
    15. (do sb's job)
    ▪ to \cover sth [for sb] etw [für jdn] übernehmen
    could you \cover my shift for me tomorrow? könnten Sie morgen meine Schicht übernehmen?
    16. (adopt song)
    to \cover a song einen Song covern fachspr, von einem Lied eine Coverversion aufnehmen
    17. ZOOL
    to \cover an animal ein Tier decken
    18.
    ▶ to \cover one's back sich absichern fig
    ▶ to \cover oneself with glory sich akk mit Ruhm bedecken
    ▶ to \cover a multitude of sins viel Unschönes verbergen
    ▶ to \cover one's tracks seine Spuren verwischen
    III. vi
    to \cover well/badly paint gut/schlecht decken
    * * *
    ['kʌvə(r)]
    1. n
    1) (= lid) Deckel m; (of lens) (Schutz)kappe f; (= loose cover on chair) Bezug m; (= cloth for typewriter, umbrella etc) Hülle f; (on lorries, tennis court) Plane f; (= sheet over merchandise, shop counter) Decke f, Tuch nt; (= blanket, quilt) (Bett)decke f

    he put a cover over her/it — er deckte sie/es zu

    2) (of book) Einband m; (of magazine) Umschlag m; (= dust cover) (Schutz)umschlag m

    to read a book from cover to cover — ein Buch von Anfang bis Ende or von der ersten bis zur letzten Seite lesen

    on the cover — auf dem Einband/Umschlag; (of magazine) auf der Titelseite, auf dem Titel(blatt)

    3) (COMM: envelope) Umschlag m
    4) no pl (= shelter, protection) Schutz m (from vor +dat, gegen); (MIL) Deckung f (from vor +dat, gegen)

    to take cover (from rain) — sich unterstellen, Schutz suchen (from vor +dat ); (Mil) in Deckung gehen (from vor +dat )

    these plants/the car should be kept under cover — diese Pflanzen sollten/das Auto sollte abgedeckt sein or (under roof)

    5) (HUNT) Deckung f

    to break cover — aus der Deckung hervorbrechen

    6) (Brit: place at meal) Gedeck nt

    she laid covers for six — sie deckte für sechs Personen, sie legte sechs Gedecke auf

    7) (Brit) (COMM, FIN) Deckung f; (= insurance cover) Versicherung f
    8) (= assumed identity) Tarnung f; (= front organization also) Deckung f
    9) (MUS) Coverversion f
    2. vt
    1) (= put cover on) bedecken; (= cover over) zudecken; (with loose cover) chair etc beziehen

    a covered wagon/way — ein Planwagen m

    you're all covered with dog hairs — du bist voller Hundehaare

    2) (= hide) surprise verbergen; mistake, tracks also verdecken
    3) (= protect) decken

    he only said that to cover himself — er hat das nur gesagt, um sich abzudecken or zu decken

    4) (= point a gun at etc) door etc sichern; sb decken; (= be on guard near) sichern

    I've got you covered! (with gun etc) — ich hab auf dich angelegt; ( fig, Chess etc ) ich hab dich

    5) (FIN) loan decken; expenses, costs also abdecken; (INSUR) versichern

    will £30 cover the drinks? — reichen £ 30 für die Getränke?

    he gave me £30 to cover the drinks — er gab mir £ 30 für Getränke

    6) (= take in, include) behandeln; (law also) erfassen; (= allow for, anticipate) possibilities, eventualities vorsehen
    7) (PRESS: report on) berichten über (+acc)
    8) (= travel) miles, distance zurücklegen
    9) (salesman etc) territory zuständig sein für
    10) (MUS) song neu interpretieren
    11) (animals = copulate with) decken
    12) (= play a higher card than) überbieten
    * * *
    cover [ˈkʌvə(r)]
    A s
    1. Decke f
    2. weitS. (Pflanzen-, Schnee-, Wolken- etc) Decke f
    3. Deckel m:
    under cover GASTR zugedeckt
    4. a) (Buch) Decke(l) f(m), Einband m:
    from cover to cover von der ersten bis zur letzten Seite
    b) Umschlag- oder Titelseite f
    c) (Schutz)Umschlag m
    5. Umhüllung f, Hülle f, Futteral n, Kappe f
    6. Überzug m, Bezug m
    7. a) TECH Schutzhaube f oder -platte f
    b) Abdeckhaube f (eines Plattenspielers etc)
    c) Schutzmantel m (von elektrischen Röhren)
    d) AUTO (Reifen) Decke f, Mantel m
    8. Briefumschlag m, Kuvert n:
    under same cover mit gleichem Schreiben, beiliegend;
    under separate cover mit getrennter Post;
    under plain cover in neutralem Umschlag
    9. under cover of unter der (Deck)Adresse von ( → A 16)
    10. Faltbrief m
    11. Philatelie: Ganzsache f
    12. Schutz m, Obdach n, Dach n:
    get under cover sich unterstellen
    13. Schutz m ( from gegen, vor dat):
    under cover of night im Schutze der Nacht
    14. MIL
    a) auch allg Deckung f ( from vor dat):
    take cover in Deckung gehen, Deckung nehmen;
    take cover! (in) Deckung!
    b) Sicherung f, Abschirmung f
    15. JAGD
    a) Lager n (von Wild)
    b) (schützendes) Dickicht:
    break cover ins Freie treten
    16. fig Tarnung f, Deckmantel m, Vorwand m:
    under cover of unter dem Deckmantel (gen), getarnt als ( → A 9);
    blow one’s cover auffliegen umg (Agent etc)
    17. Gedeck n (bei Tisch)
    18. WIRTSCH Deckung f, Sicherheit f:
    cover funds Deckungsmittel;
    cover ratio Deckungsverhältnis n (einer Währung)
    19. Versicherungsrecht: Abdeckung f, Versicherungsschutz m ( against gegen)
    B v/t
    1. ab-, be-, zudecken ( alle:
    with mit):
    covered with voll von;
    covered with dust staubbedeckt;
    covered in sweat schweißbedeckt, -gebadet;
    remain covered den Hut aufbehalten;
    cover o.s. with glory fig sich mit Ruhm bedecken oder bekleckern;
    cover a roof ein Dach decken; → glory A 1
    2. eine Fläche bedecken, einnehmen, sich über eine Fläche, auch eine Zeitspanne erstrecken
    3. Papier, Seiten vollschreiben
    4. überziehen, umwickeln, umhüllen, umspinnen:
    covered buttons überzogene Knöpfe
    5. einhüllen, -wickeln, -schlagen ( alle:
    in, with in akk)
    6. a) verdecken, -bergen (auch fig)
    b) oft cover up fig verhüllen, -hehlen, bemänteln:
    cover (up) one’s mistakes;
    cover up a scandal einen Skandal vertuschen
    7. auch fig (o.s. sich) decken, schützen ( beide:
    from, against vor dat, gegen):
    cover o.s. fig sich absichern
    8. MIL
    a) den Rückzug etc decken, schützen, abschirmen, sichern
    b) auch allg jemanden decken, jemandem Deckung geben
    c) ein Gebiet beherrschen, im Schussfeld haben
    d) ein Gelände bestreichen, (mit Feuer) belegen
    9. zielen auf (akk), in Schach halten:
    10. WIRTSCH Kosten decken, bestreiten:
    cover a loss einen Verlust decken;
    cover debts Schulden (ab)decken
    11. WIRTSCH versichern, abdecken ( beide:
    against gegen):
    be covered Versicherungsschutz haben oder genießen
    12. decken, genügen oder ausreichen für:
    13. umfassen, umschließen, einschließen, beinhalten, enthalten, behandeln:
    14. (statistisch, mit Radar, Werbung etc) erfassen
    15. ein Thema erschöpfend behandeln
    16. Presse, RADIO, TV berichten über (akk):
    17. eine Strecke zurücklegen:
    cover the ground fig alles (gründlich) durchnehmen oder bearbeiten oder behandeln;
    a) eine große Strecke zurücklegen,
    b) fig viel umfassen, weit gehen oder reichen
    18. einen Bezirk bereisen, bearbeiten:
    19. ein Gebiet versorgen, operieren in (dat):
    20. SPORT einen Gegenspieler decken
    21. jemanden beschatten, beobachten
    22. ZOOL ein Weibchen decken, bespringen, eine Stute beschälen
    23. BIBEL eine Sünde vergeben, auslöschen
    C v/i
    1. TECH decken:
    2. SPORT decken
    3. cover for einspringen für, vertreten
    * * *
    1.
    ['kʌvə(r)]noun
    1) (piece of cloth) Decke, die; (of cushion, bed) Bezug, der; (lid) Deckel, der; (of hole, engine, typewriter, etc.) Abdeckung, die

    put a cover on or over — zudecken; abdecken [Loch, Fußboden, Grab, Fahrzeug, Maschine]; beziehen [Kissen, Bett]

    2) (of book) Einband, der; (of magazine) Umschlag, der; (of record) [Platten]hülle, die

    on the [front/back] cover — auf dem [vorderen/hinteren] Buchdeckel; (of magazine) auf der Titelseite/hinteren Umschlagseite

    3) (Post): (envelope) [Brief]umschlag, der

    [send something] under separate cover — [etwas] mit getrennter Post [schicken]

    4) in pl. (bedclothes) Bettzeug, das
    5) (hiding place, shelter) Schutz, der

    take cover [from something] — Schutz [vor etwas (Dat.)] suchen

    [be/go] under cover — (from bullets etc.) in Deckung [sein/gehen]

    under cover — (from rain) überdacht [Sitzplatz]; regengeschützt

    6) (Mil.): (supporting force) Deckung, die
    7) (protection) Deckung, die

    give somebody/something cover — jemandem Deckung geben

    8) (pretence) Vorwand, der; (false identity, screen) Tarnung, die

    [insurance] cover — Versicherung, die

    10) (of song etc.)

    cover [version] — Coverversion, die

    2. transitive verb

    somebody is covered in or with confusion/shame — (fig.) jmd. ist ganz verlegen/sehr beschämt

    2) (conceal, lit. or fig.) verbergen; (for protection) abdecken
    3) (travel) zurücklegen
    4) in p.p. (having roof) überdacht
    5) (deal with) behandeln; (include) abdecken
    6) (Journ.) berichten über (+ Akk.)
    7)

    £10 will cover my needs for the journey — 10 Pfund werden für die Reisekosten reichen

    8) (shield) decken
    9)

    cover oneself — (fig.) sich absichern; (Insurance)

    10) (aim gun at) in Schach halten (ugs.)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Abdeckung f.
    Decke -n f.
    Deckel - m.
    Hülle -- f.
    Schutz m.
    Titel -- m.
    Umschlag -¨e m.
    Zeitungsmantel m.
    Überzug -¨e m. v.
    bedecken v.
    bespannen (mit Stoff...) v.
    decken v.
    umfassen v.
    überziehen v.

    English-german dictionary > cover

  • 9 importance

    [ɪm'pɔːt(ə)ns]
    n
    важность, значительность, значимость, ответственность

    We attached no importance to his words. — Мы не придали его словам значения.

    Don't put so much importance to this matter. — Не придавайте этому так много значения.

    See that the proper importance is given to it. — Проследите за тем, чтобы этому было придано должное значение. /Проследите за тем, чтобы к этому отнеслись с должным вниманием.

    - importance of smth
    - importance of the matter cannot be overestimated
    - event of importance
    - question of importance
    - problem of importance
    - matter of utmost highest importance
    - person of great importance
    - family of some importance
    - people of some importance
    - man of little importance
    - point of grave importance
    - prodject of local importance
    - town of secondary importance
    - detail without importance
    - nothing of importance resulted from the meeting
    - no trade of any importance
    - attach importance to numbers
    - be of political importance
    - be of military importance
    - acquire considerable importance
    - lend additional importance to the statement
    - complete with one another in commercial importance
    - do smth with apparent importance
    - be of world importance
    - give oneself an air of bustling importance
    - stress the relative importance of the place
    - exaggerate the importance of the event
    - assume importance
    - measure smb's importance by smb's income
    - grow in importance
    USAGE:
    (1.) Русским словосочетаниям "иметь (не иметь) значение, быть важным (не важным)" в английском языке соответствуют обороты to be of (no) importance: I did not know it was of such importance я не знал, что это так важно. Существительное importance усиливается прилагательными great, highest, little: we attached little importance to his words мы не придали его словам большого значения. Русское предложение "это не важно" также может быть передано глагол to matter или словосочетанием to make difference: If doesn't matter. It makes no difference. (2.) See easy, adj; USAGE (1.). (3.) See absolutely, adv

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > importance

  • 10 McCormick, Cyrus

    [br]
    b. 1809 Walnut Grove, Virginia, USA
    d. 1884 USA
    [br]
    American inventor of the first functionally and commercially successful reaping machine; founder of the McCormick Company, which was to become one of the founding companies of International Harvester.
    [br]
    Cyrus McCormick's father, a farmer, began to experiment unsuccessfully with a harvesting machine between 1809 and 1816. His son took up the challenge and gave his first public demonstration of his machine in 1831. It cut a 4 ft swathe, but, wanting to perfect the machine, he waited until 1834 before patenting it, by which time he felt that his invention was threatened by others of similar design. In the same year he entered an article in the Mechanics Magazine, warning competitors off his design. His main rival was Obed Hussey who contested McCormick's claim to the originality of the idea, having patented his own machine six months before McCormick.
    A competition between the two machines was held in 1843, the judges favouring McCormick's, even after additional trials were conducted after objections of unfairness from Hussey. The rivalry continued over a number of years, being avidly reported in the agricultural press. The publicity did no harm to reaper sales, and McCormick sold twenty-nine machines in 1843 and fifty the following year.
    As the westward settlement movement progressed, so the demand for McCormick's machine grew. In order to be more central to his markets, McCormick established himself in Chicago. In partnership with C.M.Gray he established a factory to produce 500 harvesters for the 1848 season. By means of advertising and offers of credit terms, as well as production-line assembly, McCormick was able to establish himself as sole owner and also control all production, under the one roof. By the end of the decade he dominated reaper production but other developments were to threaten this position; however, foreign markets were appearing at the same time, not least the opportunities of European sales stimulated by the Great Exhibition in 1851. In the trials arranged by the Royal Agricultural Society of England the McCormick machine significantly outperformed that of Hussey's, and as a result McCormick arranged for 500 to be made under licence in England.
    In 1874 McCormick bought a half interest in the patent for a wire binder from Charles Withington, a watchmaker from Janesville, Wisconsin, and by 1885 a total of 50,000 wire binders had been built in Chicago. By 1881 McCormick was producing twine binders using Appleby's twine knotter under a licence agreement, and by 1885 the company was producing only twine binders. The McCormick Company was one of the co-founders of the International Harvester Company in 1901.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1972, The Century of the Reaper, Johnson Reprint (the original is in the New York State Library).
    Further Reading
    Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (deals in detail with McCormick's developments).
    G.H.Wendell, 1981, 150 Years of International Harvester, Crestlink (though more concerned with the machinery produced by International Harvester, it gives an account of its originating companies).
    T.W.Hutchinson, 1930, Cyrus Hall McCormick, Seedtime 1809–1856; ——1935, Cyrus Hall McCormick, Harvest 1856–1884 (both attempt to unravel the many claims surrounding the reaper story).
    Herbert N.Casson, 1908, The Romance of the Reaper, Doubleday Page (deals with McCormick, Deering and the formation of International Harvester).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > McCormick, Cyrus

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